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Ruthenium-based perovskite systems are attractive because their Structural,electronic and magnetic properties can be systematically engineered.SrRuO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattice, with its period consisting of one unit celleach, is very sensitive to strain change. Our first-principles simulationsreveal that in the high tensile strain region, it transits from a ferromagnetic(FM) metal to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator with clear tilted octahedra,while in the low strain region, it is a ferromagnetic metal without octahedratilting. Detailed analyses of three spin-down Ru-t$_{2g}$ orbitals just belowthe Fermi level reveal that the splitting of these orbitals underlies thesedramatic phase transitions, with the rotational force constant of RuO$_6$octahedron high up to 16 meV/Deg$^2$, 4 times larger than that of TiO$_6$.Differently from nearly all the previous studies, these transitions can beprobed optically through the diagonal and off-diagonal dielectric tensorelements. For one percent change in strain, our experimental spin moment changeis -0.14$\pm$0.06 $\mu_B$, quantitatively consistent with our theoretical valueof -0.1 $\mu_B$.

Magnetic ordering and structural phase transitions in strained ultrathin SrRuO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ superlattice