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Most helix-coil transition theories can be characterized by a set of threeparameters: energetic, describing the (free) energy cost of forming a helicalstate in one repeating unit; entropic, accounting for the decrease of entropydue to the helical state formation; and geometric, indicating how manyrepeating units are affected by the formation of one helical state. Dependingon their effect on the helix-coil transition, solvents or co-solutes can beclassified with respect to their action on these parameters. Solventinteractions that alter the entropic cost of helix formation by their osmoticaction can affect both the stability (transition temperature) and thecooperativity (transition interval) of the helix-coil transition. A consistentinclusion of osmotic pressure effects in a description of helix-coil transitionfor poly(L-glutamic acid) in solution with polyethylene glycol can offer anexplanation of the experimentally observed linear dependence of transitiontemperature on osmotic pressure as well as the concurrent changes in thecooperativity of the transition.

Osmotic pressure induced coupling between cooperativity and stability of a helix-coil transition