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We show that the complex shape of the cosmic ray (CR) spectrum, as recentlymeasured by PAMELA and inferred from Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations ofmolecular clouds in the Gould belt, can be naturally understood in terms ofbasic plasma astrophysics phenomena. A break from a harder to a softer spectrumat blue rigidity R\simeq 10 GV follows from a transition from transportdominated by advection of particles with Alfven waves to a regime wherediffusion in the turbulence generated by the same CRs is dominant. A secondbreak at R\simeq 200 GV happens when the diffusive propagation is no longerdetermined by the self-generated turbulence, but rather by the cascading ofexternally generated turbulence (for instance due to supernova (SN) bubbles)from large spatial scales to smaller scales where CRs can resonate.Implications of this scenario for the cosmic ray spectrum, grammage andanisotropy are discussed.

Spectral breaks as a signature of cosmic ray induced turbulence in the Galaxy