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Similar to the cuprate high TC superconductors, the iron pnictidesuperconductors also lie in close proximity to a magnetically ordered phase. Acentral debate concerning the superconducting mechanism is whether the localmagnetic moments play an indispensable role or the itinerant electrondescription is sufficient. A key step for resolving this issue is to acquire acomprehensive picture regarding the nature of various phases and interactionsin the iron compounds. Here we report the doping, temperature, and spatialevolutions of the electronic structure of NaFe1-xCoxAs studied by scanningtunneling microscopy. The spin density wave gap in the parent state is observedfor the first time, which shows a strongly asymmetric lineshape that isincompatible with the conventional Fermi surface nesting scenario. Theoptimally doped sample exhibits a single, symmetric energy gap, but in theoverdoped regime another asymmetric gap-like feature emerges near the Fermilevel. This novel gap-like phase coexists with superconductivity in the groundstate, persists deep into the normal state, and shows strong spatialvariations. The characteristics of the three distinct low energy states, inconjunction with the peculiar high energy spectra, suggest that the couplingbetween the local moments and itinerant electrons is the fundamental drivingforce for the phases and phase transitions in the iron pnictides.

Evolution from unconventional spin density wave to superconductivity and a novel gap-like phase in NaFe1-xCoxAs