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The concept of valence bond resonance plays a fundamental role in the theoryof the chemical bond and is believed to lie at the heart of many-body quantumphysical phenomena. Here we show direct experimental evidence of atime-resolved valence bond quantum resonance with ultracold bosonic atoms in anoptical lattice. By means of a superlattice structure we create athree-dimensional array of independent four-site plaquettes, which we can fullycontrol and manipulate in parallel. Moreover, we show how small-scale plaquetteresonating valence bond states with s- and d-wave symmetry can be created andcharacterized. We anticipate our findings to open the path towards the creationand analysis of many-body RVB states in ultracold atomic gases.

Experimental realization of plaquette resonating valence bond states with ultracold atoms in optical superlattices