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Random packings of granular chains are presented as a model polymer system toinvestigate the contribution of entanglements to strain-stiffening in theabsence of Brownian motion. The chain packings are sheared in triaxialcompression experiments. For short chain lengths, these packings yield when theshear stress exceeds a the scale of the confining pressure, similar to packingsof spherical particles. In contrast, packings of chains which are long enoughto form loops exhibit strain-stiffening, in which the effective stiffness ofthe material increases with strain, similar to many polymer materials. Thelatter packings can sustain stresses orders-of-magnitude greater than theconfining pressure, and do not yield until the chain links break. X-raytomography measurements reveal that the strain-stiffening packings containsystem-spanning clusters of entangled chains.

Strain-stiffening in random packings of entangled granular chains