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We investigate the role played by electron-hole pair and phonon excitationsin the interaction of reactive gas molecules and atoms with metal surfaces. Wepresent a theoretical framework that allows us to evaluate within afull-dimensional dynamics the combined contribution of both excitationmechanisms while the gas particle-surface interaction is described by anab-initio potential energy surface. The model is applied to study energydissipation in the scattering of N$_2$ on W(110) and N on Ag(111). Our resultsshow that phonon excitation is the dominant energy loss channel whereaselectron-hole pair excitations represent a minor contribution. We substantiatethat, even when the energy dissipated is quantitatively significant, importantaspects of the scattering dynamics are well captured by the adiabaticapproximation.

Competition between electron and phonon excitations in the scattering of nitrogen atoms and molecules off tungsten and silver surfaces