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We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry $A_{LT}$ forcharged pion electroproduction in semi\nobreakdash-inclusivedeep\nobreakdash-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely polarized$^{3}$He target. The kinematics focused on the valence quark region,$0.16<x<0.35$ with $1.4<Q^{2}<2.7\,\textrm{GeV}^{2}$. The corresponding neutron$A_{LT}$ asymmetries were extracted from the measured $^{3}$He asymmetries andproton over $^{3}$He cross section ratios using the effective polarizationapproximation. These new data probe the transverse momentum dependent partondistribution function $g_{1T}^{q}$ and therefore provide access to quarkspin-orbit correlations. Our results indicate a positive azimuthal asymmetryfor $\pi^{-}$ production on $^{3}$He and the neutron, while our $\pi^{+}$asymmetries are consistent with zero.

physical review letters

Beam-Target Double Spin Asymmetry A_LT in Charged Pion Production from  Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized He-3 Target at  1.4<Q^2<2.7 GeV^2