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Motivated by predictions of a substantial contribution of the "buckling"vibration of the CuO2 layers to d-wave superconductivity in the cuprates, wehave performed an inelastic neutron scattering study of this phonon in an arrayof untwinned crystals of YBa2Cu3O7. The data reveal a pronounced softening ofthe phonon at the in-plane wave vector q = (0, 0.3) upon cooling below ~ 105 K,but no corresponding anomaly at q = (0.3, 0). Based on the observed in-planeanisotropy, we argue that the electron-phonon interaction responsible for thisanomaly supports an electronic instability associated with a uniaxialcharge-density modulation and does not mediate d-wave superconductivity.

Highly anisotropic anomaly in the dispersion of the copper-oxygen bond-bending phonon in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 from inelastic neutron scattering