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Measurements of the spatial and temporal coherence of single, femtosecondx-ray pulses generated by the first hard x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), theLinac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), are presented. Single shot measurementswere performed at 780 eV x-ray photon energy using apertures containing doublepinholes in "diffract and destroy" mode. We determined a coherence length of 17micrometers in the vertical direction, which is approximately the size of thefocused LCLS beam in the same direction. The analysis of the diffractionpatterns produced by the pinholes with the largest separation yields anestimate of the temporal coherence time of 0.6 fs. We find that the totaldegree of transverse coherence is 56% and that the x-ray pulses are adequatelydescribed by two transverse coherent modes in each direction. This leads us tothe conclusion that 78% of the total power is contained in the dominant mode.

Coherence Properties of Individual Femtosecond Pulses of an X-ray Free-Electron Laser