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Spectroscopic gas sensing is both a commercial success and a rapidlyadvancing scientific field. Throughout the years, massive efforts have beendirected towards improving detection limits by achieving long interactionpathlengths. Prominent examples include the use of conventional multipass gascells, sophisticated high-finesse cavities, gas-filled holey fibers,integrating spheres, and diffusive reflectors. Despite this rich flora ofapproaches, there is a continuous struggle to reduce size, gas volume, cost andalignment complexity. Here, we show that extreme light scattering in porousmaterials can be used to realise miniature gas cells. Near-infraredtransmission through a 7 mm zirconia (ZrO2) sample with a 49% porosity andsubwavelength pore structure (on the order of 100 nm) gives rise to aneffective gas interaction pathlength above 5 meters, an enhancementcorresponding to 750 passes through a conventional multipass cell. Thisessentially different approach to pathlength enhancement opens a new route tocompact, alignment-free and low-cost optical sensor systems.

Disordered, strongly scattering porous materials as miniature multipass gas cells