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We report on the first experimental realization of optimal linear-opticalcontrolled phase gates for arbitrary phases. The realized scheme is entirelyflexible in that the phase shift can be tuned to any given value. All suchcontrolled phase gates are optimal in the sense that they operate at themaximum possible success probabilities that are achievable within the frameworkof any postselected linear-optical implementation. The quantum gate isimplemented using bulk optical elements and polarization encoding of qubitstates. We have experimentally explored the remarkable observation that theoptimum success probability is not monotone in the phase.

Experimental implementation of the optimal linear-optical controlled phase gate