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The problem of DNA-DNA interaction mediated by divalent counterions isstudied using computer simulation. Although divalent counterions cannotcondense free DNA molecules in solution, we show that if DNA configurationalentropy is restricted, divalent counterions can cause DNA reentrantcondensation similar to that caused by tri- or tetra-valent counterions.DNA-DNA interaction is strongly repulsive at small or large counterionconcentration and is negligible or slightly attractive for a concentration inbetween. Implications of our results to experiments of DNA ejection frombacteriophages are discussed. The quantitative result serves to understandelectrostatic effects in other experiments involving DNA and divalentcounterions.

Reentrant behavior of divalent counterion mediated DNA-DNA electrostatic interaction