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We develop a theory of energy relaxation and thermalization of hot carriersin real quantum wires. Our theory is based on a controlled perturbativeapproach for large excitation energies and emphasizes the important roles ofthe electron spin and finite temperature. Unlike in higher dimensions,relaxation in one-dimensional electron liquids requires three-body collisionsand is much faster for particles than holes which relax at nonzero temperaturesonly. Moreover, co-moving carriers thermalize more rapidly thancounterpropagating carriers. Our results are quantitatively consistent with arecent experiment.

Energy relaxation and thermalization of hot electrons in quantum wires