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We investigate the origins of the widely-observed "en passant" crack patternwhich forms through interactions between two approaching cracks. A rectangularelastic plate is notched on each long side and then subjected to quasistaticuniaxial strain from the short side. The two cracks propagate alongapproximately straight paths until they pass each other, after which they curveand release a lenticular fragment. We find that for materials with diversemechanical properties, the shape of this fragment has an aspect ratio of 2:1,with the length scale set by the initial crack offset $s$ and the time scaleset by the ratio of $s$ to the pulling velocity. The cracks have a universalsquare root shape which we understand using a simple geometric model of thecrack-crack interaction.

Universal shapes formed by two interacting cracks