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We explore a scenario that allows for a strong first order phase-transitionof QCD at non-negligible baryon number in the early universe and its possiblecosmological observable consequences. The main assumption is a quasi-stableQCD-vacuum state that leads to a short period of inflation, consequentlydiluting the net baryon to photon ratio to it's today observed value. A strongmechanism for baryogenesis is needed to start out with a baryon asymmetry oforder unity, e.g. as provided by Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. The cosmologicalimplications are direct effects on primordial density fluctuations up to darkmatter mass scales of 1 - 10 solar masses, change in the spectral slope up tomass scales of 10^6 - 10^8 solar masses, production of primordial magneticfields with initial strength up to 10^12 Gauss and a gravitational wavespectrum with present day peak strain amplitude of at most h_c = 5 * 10^-15around a frequency of 4*10^-8 Hz. The little QCD inflation scenario could beprobed with the upcoming heavy ion research facility FAIR at GSI, Darmstadt.Comment: 5 pages, discussion about the equation of state added, several minor  correction

A Little Inflation in the Early Universe at the QCD Phase Transition