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Contrary to the well known spin qubits, rare-earth qubits are characterizedby a strong influence of crystal field due to large spin-orbit coupling. At lowtemperature and in the presence of resonance microwaves, it is the magneticmoment of the crystal-field ground-state which nutates (for several $\mu$s) andthe Rabi frequency $\Omega_R$ is anisotropic. Here, we present a study of thevariations of $\Omega_R(\vec{H}_{0})$ with the magnitude and direction of thestatic magnetic field $\vec{H_{0}}$ for the odd $^{167}$Er isotope in a singlecrystal CaWO$_4$:Er$^{3+}$. The hyperfine interactions split the$\Omega_R(\vec{H}_{0})$ curve into eight different curves which are fittednumerically and described analytically. These "spin-orbit qubits" should allowdetailed studies of decoherence mechanisms which become relevant at hightemperature and open new ways for qubit addressing using properly orientedmagnetic fields.

Spin-Orbit Qubits of Rare-Earth-Metal Ions in Axially Symmetric Crystal Fields