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Electrons in a simple correlated system behave either as itinerant chargecarriers or as localized moments. However, there is growing evidence for thecoexistence of itinerant electrons and local moments in transition metals withnearly degenerate $d$-orbitals. It demands one or more selective electronorbitals undergo the Mott transition while the others remain itinerant. Here wereport the first observation of such an orbital selective Mott transition(OSMT) in Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$ by angle-resolved photoemissionspectroscopy (ARPES). While we observed two sets of dispersing bands and Fermisurface associated with the doubly-degenerate $d_{yz}$ and $d_{zx}$ orbitals,the Fermi surface associated with the wider $d_{xy}$ band is missing, aconsequence of selective Mott localization. Our theoretical calculationsdemonstrate that this novel OSMT is mainly driven by the combined effects ofinterorbital carrier transfer, superlattice potential, and orbital degeneracy,whereas the bandwidth difference plays a less important role.

Observation of a novel orbital selective Mott transition in Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$