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We study the Wigner crystal melting in a two dimensional quantum system ofparticles interacting via the 1/r Coulomb potential. We use quantum Monte Carlomethods to calculate its phase diagram, locate the Wigner crystal region, andanalyze its instabilities towards the liquid phase. We discuss the role ofquantum effects in the critical behavior of the system, and compare ournumerical results with the classical theory of melting, and the microemulsiontheory of frustrated Coulomb systems. We find a Pomeranchuk effect much largerthen in solid helium. In addition, we find that the exponent for the algebraicdecay of the hexatic phase differs significantly from the Kosterilitz-Thoulesstheory of melting. We search for the existence of mesoscopic phases and findevidence of metastable bubbles but no mesoscopic phase that is stable inequilibrium.

Hexatic and mesoscopic phases in the 2D quantum Coulomb system