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We have performed for the first time direct laser spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0optical clock transition at 265.6 nm in fermionic isotopes of neutral mercurylaser-cooled in a magneto-optical trap. Spectroscopy is performed by measuringthe depletion of the magneto-optical trap induced by the excitation of thelong-lived 3P0 state by a probe at 265.6 nm. Measurements resolve theDoppler-free recoil doublet allowing for a determination of the transitionfrequency to an uncer- tainty well below the Doppler-broadened linewidth. Wehave performed absolute measurement of the frequency with respect to anultra-stable reference monitored by LNE-SYRTE fountain pri- mary frequencystandards using a femtosecond laser frequency comb. The measured frequency is1128575290808 +/- 5.6 kHz in 199Hg and 1128569561140 +/- 5.3 kHz in 201Hg, morethan 4 orders of magnitude better than previous indirect determinations. Owingto a low sensitivity to blackbody radiation, mercury is a promising candidatefor reaching the ultimate performance of optical lattice clocks.

Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition in laser-cooled fermionic isotopes of neutral mercury