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The structure of a single layer of graphene on Ru(0001) has been studiedusing surface x-ray diffraction. A surprising superstructure has beendetermined, whereby 25 x 25 graphene unit cells lie on 23 x 23 unit cells ofRu. Each supercell contains 2 x 2 crystallographically inequivalent subcellscaused by corrugation. Strong intensity oscillations in the superstructure rodsdemonstrate that the Ru substrate is also significantly corrugated down toseveral monolayers, and that the bonding between graphene and Ru is strong andcannot be caused by van der Waals bonds. Charge transfer from the Ru substrateto the graphene expands and weakens the C-C bonds, which helps accommodate thein-plane tensile stress. The elucidation of this superstructure providesimportant information in the potential application of graphene as a templatefor nanocluster arrays.

Unit cell of graphene on Ru(0001): a 25 x 25 supercell with 1250 carbon atoms