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We report on the observation of an interaction blockade effect for ultracoldatoms in optical lattices, analogous to Coulomb blockade observed in mesoscopicsolid state systems. When the lattice sites are converted into biased doublewells, we detect a discrete set of steps in the well population for increasingbias potentials. These correspond to tunneling resonances where the atom numberon each side of the barrier changes one by one. This allows us to count andcontrol the number of atoms within a given well. By evaluating the amplitude ofthe different plateaus, we can fully determine the number distribution of theatoms in the lattice, which we demonstrate for the case of a superfluid andMott insulating regime of 87Rb.

Counting atoms using interaction blockade in an optical superlattice