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Various diameters of alumina-supported Fe catalysts are used to growsingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with chemical vapor decomposition. Wefind that the reduction of the catalyst size requires an increase of theminimum temperature necessary for the growth. We address this phenomenon interms of solubility of C in Fe nanoclusters and, by using first principlescalculations, we devise a simple model to predict the behavior of the phasescompeting for stability in Fe-C nano-clusters at low temperature. We show that,as a function particles size, there are three scenarios compatible with steadystate-, limited- and no-growth of SWCNTs, corresponding to unaffected, reducedand no solubility of C in the particles. The result raises previously unknownconcerns about the growth feasibility of small and very-long SWCNTs within thecurrent Fe CVD technology, and suggests new strategies in the search of bettercatalysts.

Reduced carbon solubility in Fe nano-clusters and implications for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes