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Variations of transport efficiency in structured environments betweendistinct individuals in actively self-propelled systems is both hard to studyand poorly understood. Here, we study the transport of a non-tumbling {\ecoli}strain, an active-matter archetype with intrinsic size variation but fairlyuniform speed, through a periodic pillar array. We show that long-termtransport switches from a trapping dominated state for shorter cells to a muchmore dispersive state for longer cells above a critical bacterial size set bythe pillar array geometry. Using a combination of experiments and modeling, weshow that this anomalous size-dependence arises from an enhancement of theescape rate from trapping for longer cells caused by nearby pillars. Ourresults show that geometric effects can lead to size being a sensitive tuningknob for transport in structured environments, with implications in general foractive matter systems and, in particular, for the morphological adaptation ofbacteria to structured habitats, spatial structuring of communities and foranti-biofouling materials design.

Geometric effects induce anomalous size-dependent active transport in structured environments