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When two droplets with different surface tensions collide, the shapeevolution of the merging droplets is asymmetric. Using experimental andnumerical techniques, we reveal that this asymmetry is caused by asymmetriccapillary waves, which are the result of the different surface tensions of thedroplets. We show that the asymmetry is enhanced by increasing the surfacetension difference, and suppressed by increasing the inertia of the collidingdroplets. Furthermore, we study capillary waves in the limit of no inertia. Wereveal that the asymmetry is not directly caused by Marangoni forces. In fact,somehow counterintuitive, asymmetry is strongly reduced by the Marangonieffect. Rather, the different intrinsic capillary wave amplitudes andvelocities associated with the different surface tensions of the droplets lieat the origin of the asymmetry during droplet coalescence.

The asymmetric coalescence of two droplets with different surface tensions is caused by capillary waves