English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Spark plasma discharges induce vortex rings and a hot gas kernel. We developa model to describe the late stage of the spark induced flow and the role ofthe vortex rings in the entrainment of cold ambient gas and the cooling of thehot gas kernel. The model is tested in a plasma-induced flow, using density andvelocity measurements obtained from simultaneous stereoscopic particle imagevelocimetry (S-PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS). We show that thespatial distribution of the hot kernel follows the motion of the vortex rings,whose radial expansion increases with the electrical energy deposited duringthe spark discharge. The vortex ring cooling model establishes that entrainmentin the convective cooling regime is induced by the vortex rings and governs thecooling of the hot gas kernel, and the rate of cooling increases with theelectrical energy deposited during the spark discharge.

Vortex rings drive entrainment and cooling in flow induced by a spark discharge