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We show how phasing between tandem bioinspired fins flapping at high-strokeamplitudes modulates rear fin thrust production and wake characteristics. Loadcell thrust measurements show that the rear fin generates 25% more thrust thanthe front fin when it lags the latter by a quarter cycle, and performs 8% worsewhen it leads the front fin by the same amount. The flow interactions betweenthe fins responsible for these observations are analyzed using two-dimensionalparticle image velocimetry measurements and three-dimensional computationalfluid dynamics simulations. Distributions of velocity elucidate variations inthe effective flow induced on the rear fin for different phase offsets. Vortexstructure interactions and particle rakes reveal the contributions of theleading- and trailing-edge vortices shed by the front fin in modulating thesuction at the rear fin leading edge. Furthermore, the wake structure fardownstream of the fins changes in its coherence, axial and radial extents forthe different phase offsets. These findings are relevant for the design andperformance optimization of various unmanned underwater vehicles that utilizesuch tandem systems.

Hydrodynamics of tandem flapping pectoral fins with varying stroke phase offsets