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In this study, a partially submerged vertical cylinder is moved at constantvelocity through water, which is initially at rest. During the motion, the wakebehind the cylinder induces free-surface deformation. Eleven cylinders, withdiameters from $D=1.4$ to 16 cm, were tested at two different conditions: (i)constant immersed height $h$ and (ii) constant $h/D$. The range of translationvelocities and diameters are in the regime of turbulent wake with experimentscarried out for $4500<Re<240 \,000$ and $0.2<Fr<2.4$, where $Re$ and $Fr$ arethe Reynolds and Froude numbers based on $D$. The focus here is on drag forcemeasurements and relatively strong free-surface deformation up toair-entrainment. Specifically, two modes of air-entraiment have been uncovered:(i) in the cavity along the cylinder wall and (ii) in the wake of the cylinder.A scaling for the critical velocity for air-entrainment in the cavity has beenobserved in agreement with a simple model. Furthermore, for $Fr>1.2$, the dragforce varies linearly with $Fr$.

Flow and air-entrainment around partially submerged vertical cylinders