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Understanding rare events in turbulence provides a basis for the science ofextreme weather, for which the atmosphere is modeled by Navier-Stokes equations(NSEs). In solutions of NSEs for isotropic fluids, various quantities, such asfluid velocities, roughly follow Gaussian distributions, where extreme eventsare prominent only in small-scale quantities associated with thedissipation-dominating length scale or anomalous scaling regime. Usingnumerical simulations, this study reveals another universal promotion mechanismat much larger scales if three-dimensional fluids accompany strongtwo-dimensional anisotropies, as is the case in the atmosphere. The dimensionalcrossover between two and three dimensions generates prominent fat-tailednon-Gaussian distributions with intermittency accompanied by colossalchain-like structures with densely populated self-organized vortices(serpentinely organized vortices (SOV)). The promotion is caused by a suddenincrease of the available phase space at the crossover length scale. Since thediscovered intermittency can involve much larger energies than those in theconventional intermittency in small spatial scales, it governs extreme eventsand chaotic unpredictability in the synoptic weather system.

Large-scale intermittency and rare events boosted at dimensional crossover in anisotropic turbulence