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Turbulent flows laden with inertial particles present multiple open questionsand are a subject of great interest in current research. Due to their higherdensity compared to the carrier fluid, inertial particles tend to form highconcentration regions, i.e. clusters, and low concentration regions, i.e.voids, due to the interaction with the turbulence. In this work, we present anexperimental investigation of the clustering phenomenon of heavy sub-Kolmogorovparticles in homogeneous isotropic turbulent flows. Three control parametershave been varied over significant ranges: $Re_{\lambda} \in [170 - 450]$,$St\in [0.1 - 5]$ and volume fraction $\phi_v\in [2\times 10^{-6} - 2\times10^{-5}]$. The scaling of clustering characteristics, such as the distributionof Vorono\"i areas and the dimensions of cluster and void regions, with thethree parameters are discussed. In particular, for the polydispersed sizedistributions considered here, clustering is found to be enhanced strongly(quasi-linearly) by $Re_{\lambda}$ and noticeably (with a square-rootdependency) with $\phi_v$, while the cluster and void sizes, scaled with theKolmogorov lengthscale $\eta$, are driven primarily by $Re_{\lambda}$. Clusterlength $\sqrt{\langle A_c \rangle}$ scales up to $\approx 100 {\eta}$, measuredat the highest $Re_{\lambda}$, while void length $\sqrt{\langle A_v \rangle}$scaled also with $\eta$ is typically two times larger ($\approx 200 {\eta}$).The lack of sensitivity of the above characteristics to the Stokes number lendssupport to the "sweep-stick" particle accumulation scenario. The non-negligibleinfluence of the volume fraction, however, is not considered by that model andcan be connected with collective effects.

Preferential concentration of inertial sub-kolmogorov particles. The roles of mass loading of particles, Stokes and Reynolds numbers