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The shear-driven drainage of capillary grooves filled with viscous liquid isa dynamic wetting phenomenon relevant to numerous industrial processes andnovel lubricant-infused surfaces. Prior work has reported that a finite length$L_\infty$ of the capillary groove can remain indefinitely filled with liquideven when large shear stresses are applied. The mechanism preventing fulldrainage is attributed to a balance between the shear-driven flow and acounterflow driven by capillary pressures caused by deformation of the freesurface. The final equilibrium length $L_\infty$ is uniquely determined byphysical properties of the filling liquid as well as the geometry andwettability of the capillary. In this work, we examine closely the approach tothe final equilibrium length $L_\infty$ and report a crossover to a slowdrainage regime that cannot be described by conventional dynamic modelsconsidering solely hydrodynamic and capillary forces. The slow drainage regimeobserved in experiments can be instead modeled by a kinetic equation describinga sequence of random thermally activated transitions between multiplemetastable states caused by surface defects with nanoscale dimensions. Ourfindings provide new insights on the critical role that natural or engineeredsurface roughness with nanoscale dimensions can play in the imbibition anddrainage of capillaries and other dynamic wetting processes in microscalesystems.

Crossover from Shear-Driven to Thermally Activated Drainage of Liquid-Infused Microscale Capillaries