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Narrow membrane tubes are commonly pulled out from the surface ofphospholipid vesicles using forces applied either through laser or magnetictweezers or through the action of processive motor proteins. Recent exampleshave emerged where such tubes spontaneously grow from vesicles coated withbioactive cytoskeletal filaments (e.g. FtsZ, microtubule) in the presence GTP.We show how a soft vesicle deforms due to the interplay between its topology,local curvature and the forces due to the active filaments. We present resultsfrom Dynamically Triangulated Monte Carlo simulations of a spherical continuummembrane coated with a nematic field and show how the intrinsic curvature ofthe filaments and their ordering interactions drive membrane tubulation. Wepredict interesting patterns of nematic defects, on curved 2D membranesurfaces, which promote tube formation. Implication of our model for moredynamic cases where vesicles coated with an active mixture of microtubule andmyosin show shape oscillation, are also discussed. All these cases point to acommon theme that defect locations on 2D membrane surfaces are hot spots ofmembrane deformation activity.

Tubulation pattern of membrane vesicles coated with bio filaments