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Driven diffusive systems may undergo phase transitions to sustain atypicalvalues of the current. This leads in some cases to symmetry-broken space-timetrajectories which enhance the probability of such fluctuations. Here we shedlight on both the macroscopic large deviation properties and the microscopicorigin of such spontaneous symmetry breaking in the open weakly asymmetricexclusion process. By studying the joint fluctuations of the current and acollective order parameter, we uncover the full dynamical phase diagram forarbitrary boundary driving, which is reminiscent of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$symmetry-breaking transition. The associated joint large deviation functionbecomes non-convex below the critical point, where a Maxwell-like violation ofthe additivity principle is observed. At the microscopic level, the dynamicalphase transition is linked to an emerging degeneracy of the ground state of themicroscopic generator, from which the optimal trajectories in thesymmetry-broken phase follow. In addition, we observe this newsymmetry-breaking phenomenon in extensive rare-event simulations, confirmingour macroscopic and microscopic results.

Dynamical criticality in open systems: non-perturbative physics, microscopic origin and direct observation