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Bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) exhibit biased motion if kept ina spatially non-uniform chemical environment. Here, we bring out uniquetime-dependent characteristics of bacterial chemotaxis, in response to adiffusing spatial step ligand profile. The experimentally obtained temporalcharacteristics of the drift velocity are compared with the theoretical andMonte-Carlo simulation based estimates, and excellent agreements can beobtained. These results bring in new insights on the time-responsive facets ofbacterial drift, bearing far reaching implications in understanding theirmigratory dynamics in the quest of finding foods by swimming toward the highestconcentration of food molecules, or for fleeing from poisons, as well astowards the better understanding of therapeutic response characteristics forcertain infectious diseases.

Transient drift of Escherichia coli under diffusing Step nutrient profile