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Clusters of IP3 receptor channels in the membranes of the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) of many non-excitable cells release calcium ions in acooperative manner giving rise to dynamical patterns such as Ca2+ puffs, waves,and oscillations that occur on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Weintroduce a minimal yet descriptive reaction-diffusion model of IP3 receptorsfor a saturating concentration of IP3 using a principled reduction of adetailed Markov chain description of individual channels. A dynamical systemsanalysis reveals the possibility of excitable, bistable and oscillatorydynamics of this model that correspond to three types of observed patterns ofcalcium release -- puffs, waves, and oscillations respectively. We explain theemergence of these patterns via a bifurcation analysis of a coupled two-clustermodel, compute the phase diagram and quantify the speed of the waves and periodof oscillations in terms of system parameters. We connect the termination oflarge-scale Ca2+ release events to IP3 unbinding or stochasticity.

A phenomenological cluster-based model of Ca2+ waves and oscillations for Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channels