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Cooperation is central to the success of human societies as it is crucial forovercoming some of the most pressing social challenges of our time. Yet howhuman cooperation is achieved and may persist is still a main puzzle in thesocial and biological sciences. Recently, scholars have recognized theimportance of social norms as solutions to major local and large-scalecollective action problems, from the management of water resources to thereduction of smoking in public places to the change in fertility practices. Yeta well-founded model of the effect of social norms on human cooperation isstill lacking. Using statistical physics techniques and integrating findingsfrom cognitive and behavioral sciences, we present an analytically-tractablemodel in which individuals base their decisions to cooperate both on theeconomic rewards they obtain and on the degree to which their action complywith social norms. Results from this parsimonious model are in agreement withwhat has been observed in recent large-scale experiments with humans. We alsofind the phase diagram of the model and show that the experimental human groupis poised near a critical point, a regime where recent work suggests livingsystems respond to changing external conditions in an efficient and coordinatedmanner.

physical review. e

Balancing selfishness and norm conformity can explain human behavior in  large-scale Prisoner's Dilemma games and can poise human groups near  criticality