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Non-equilibrium systems are known to exhibit long-ranged correlations due toconservation of quantities like density or momentum. This, in turn, leads tolong-ranged fluctuation-induced (Casimir) forces, predicted to arise in avariety of non-equilibrium settings. Here, we study such forces, which arisetransiently between parallel plates or compact inclusions in a gas ofparticles, following a change ("quench") in temperature or activity of themedium. Analytical calculations, as well as numerical simulations of passive oractive Brownian particles, indicate two distinct forces: (i) The immediateeffect of the quench is adsorption or desorption of particles of the medium tothe immersed objects, which in turn initiates a front of relaxing (mean)density. This leads to time-dependent {\it density-induced forces}. (ii) Along-term effect of the quench is that density fluctuations are modified,manifested as transient (long-ranged) (pair-)correlations that relaxdiffusively to their (short-ranged) steady-state limit. As a result, transient{\it fluctuation-induced forces} emerge. We discuss the properties offluctuation-induced and density-induced forces as regards universality,relaxation as a function of time, and scaling with distance between objects.Their distinct signatures allow us to distinguish the two types of forces insimulation data. Finally, we propose several scenarios for their experimentalobservation.

Non-equilibrium forces following quenches in active and thermal matter