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The stability of powergrid is crucial since its disruption affects systemsranging from street lightings to hospital life-support systems. Nevertheless,large blackouts are inevitable if powergrids are in the state of self-organizedcriticality (SOC). In this paper, we introduce a simple model of evolvingpowergrid and establish its connection with the sandpile model, i.e. aprototype of SOC, and earthquakes, i.e. a system considered to be in SOC.Various aspects are examined, including the power-law distribution of blackoutmagnitudes, their inter-event waiting time, the predictability of largeblackouts, as well as the spatial-temporal rescaling of blackout data. Weverified our observations on simulated networks as well as the IEEE 118-bussystem, and show that both simulated and empirical blackout waiting times canbe rescaled in space and time similarly to those observed between earthquakes.Finally, we suggested proactive maintenance strategies to drive the powergridsaway from SOC to suppress large blackouts.

Evolving Powergrids in Self-Organized Criticality: An analogy with Sandpile and Earthquakes