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We report on the nature of flow events for the gravity-driven discharge ofglass beads through a hole that is small enough that the hopper is susceptibleto clogging. In particular, we measure the average and standard deviation ofthe distribution of discharged masses as a function of both hole and grainsizes. We do so in air, which is usual, but also with the system entirelysubmerged under water. This damps the grain dynamics and could be expected todramatically affect the distribution of the flow events, which are described inprior work as avalanche-like. Though the flow is slower and the events lastlonger, we find that the average discharge mass is only slightly reduced forsubmerged grains. Furthermore, we find that the shape of the distributionremains exponential, implying that clogging is still a Poisson process even forimmersed grains. Per Thomas and Durian [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 178001 (2015]),this allows interpretation of the average discharge mass in terms of thefraction of flow microstates that precede, i.e. that effectively cause, astable clog to form. Since this fraction is barely altered by water, weconclude that the crucial microscopic variables are the grain positions; grainmomenta play only a secondary role in destabilizing weak incipient arches.These insights should aid on-going efforts to understand the susceptibility ofgranular hoppers to clogging.

Effect of interstitial fluid on the fraction of flow microstates that precede clogging in granular hoppers