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The songs and calls of many bird species, like human speech, form distinctregional dialects. We suggest that the process of dialect formation isanalogous to the physical process of magnetic domain formation. We take thecoastal breeding grounds of the Puget Sound white crowned sparrow as anexample. Previous field studies suggest that birds of this species learnmultiple songs early in life, and when establishing a territory for the firsttime, retain one of these dialects in order to match the majority of theirneighbours. We introduce a simple lattice model of the process, showing thatthis matching behaviour can produce single dialect domains provided the deathrate of adult birds is sufficiently low. We relate death rate to thermodynamictemperature in magnetic materials, and calculate the critical death rate byanalogy with the Ising model. Using parameters consistent with the knownbehavior of these birds we show that coastal dialect domain shapes may beexplained by viewing them as low temperature "stripe states".

Birdsong dialect patterns explained using magnetic domains