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Neurites, the long cellular protrusions that form the routes of the neuronalnetwork are capable to actively extend during early morphogenesis or toregenerate after trauma. To perform this task, they rely on their cytoskeletonfor mechanical support. In this paper, we present a three-component active gelmodel that describes neurites in the three robust mechanical states observedexperimentally: collapsed, static, and motile. These states arise from aninterplay between the physical forces driven by growth of the microtubule-richinner core of the neurite and the acto-myosin contractility of its surroundingcortical membrane. In particular, static states appear as a mechanicaltraction/compression balance of these two parallel structures. The modelpredicts how the response of a neurite to a towing force depends on the forcemagnitude and recovers the response of neurites to several drug treatments thatmodulate the cytoskeleton active and passive properties.

Growth, collapse, and stalling in a mechanical model for neurite motility