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The simplest microfluidic network (a loop) comprises two parallel channelswith a common inlet and a common outlet. Recent studies, that assumed constantcross-section of the channels along their length, have shown that the sequenceof droplets entering left (L) or right (R) arm of the loop can present either auniform distribution of choices (e.g. RLRLRL...) or long sequences of repeatedchoices (RRR...LLL), with all the intermediate permutations being dynamicallyequivalent and virtually equally probable to be observed. We use experimentsand computer simulations to show that even small variation of the cross-sectionalong channels completely shifts the dynamics either into the strong preferencefor highly grouped patterns (RRR...LLL) that generate system-size oscillationsin flow, or just the opposite - to patterns that distribute the dropletshomogeneously between the arms of the loop. We also show the importance ofnoise in the process of self-organization of the spatio-temporal patterns ofdroplets. Our results provide guidelines for rational design of systems thatreproducibly produce either grouped or homogeneous sequences of dropletsflowing in microfluidic networks.

Between giant oscillations and uniform distribution of droplets -- the role of varying lumen of channels in microfluidic networks