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To elucidate mechanisms of mesoscopic turbulence exhibited by activeparticles, we experimentally study turbulent states of non-livingself-propelled particles. We realize an experimental system with densesuspensions of asymmetrical colloidal particles (Janus particles)self-propelling on a two-dimensional surface under an AC electric field.Velocity fields of the Janus particles in the crowded situation can be regardedas a sort of turbulence because it contains many vortices and their velocitieschange abruptly. Correlation functions of their velocity field reveal thecoexistence of polar alignment and anti-parallel alignment interactions, whichis considered to trigger mesoscopic turbulence. Probability distributions oflocal order parameters for polar and nematic orders indicate the formation oflocal clusters with particles moving in the same direction. A broad peak in theenergy spectrum of the velocity field appears at the spatial scales where thepolar alignment and the cluster formation are observed. Energy is injected atthe particle scale and such conserved quantity as energy could be cascadingtoward the larger clusters.

Mesoscopic Turbulence and Local Order in Janus Particles Self-Propelling under an AC Electric Field