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Colloidal glasses, bird feathers, and beetle scales can all show structuralcolors arising from short-ranged spatial correlations between scatteringcenters. Unlike the structural colors arising from Bragg diffraction in orderedmaterials like opals, the colors of these photonic glasses are independent oforientation, owing to their disordered, isotropic microstructures. However,there are few examples of photonic glasses with angle-independent red colors innature, and colloidal glasses with particle sizes chosen to yield structuralcolors in the red show weak color saturation. Using scattering theory, we showthat the absence of angle-independent red color can be explained by thetendency of individual particles to backscatter light more strongly in theblue. We discuss how the backscattering resonances of individual particlesarise from cavity-like modes, and how they interact with the structuralresonances to prevent red. Finally, we use the model to develop design rulesfor colloidal glasses with red, angle-independent structural colors.

Absence of Red Structural Color in Photonic Glasses, Bird Feathers and Certain Beetles