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Experiments suggest that the migration of some cells in the three-dimensionalextra cellular matrix bears strong resemblance to one-dimensional cellmigration. Motivated by this observation, we construct and study a minimalone-dimensional model cell made of two beads and an active spring moving alonga rigid track. The active spring models the stress fibers with theirmyosin-driven contractility and alpha-actinin-driven extendability, while thefriction coefficients of the two beads describe the catch/slip bond behavior ofthe integrins in focal adhesions. In the absence of active noise, net motionarises from an interplay between active contractility (and passiveextendability) of the stress fibers and an asymmetry between the front and backof the cell due to catch bond behavior of integrins at the front of the celland slip bond behavior of integrins at the back. We obtain reasonable cellspeeds with independently estimated parameters. We also study the effects ofhysteresis in the active spring, due to catch bond behavior and the dynamics ofcross-linking, and the addition of active noise on the motion of the cell. Ourmodel highlights the role of alpha-actinin in three-dimensional cell motilityand does not require Arp2/3 actin filament nucleation for net motion.

Active elastic dimers: Cells moving on rigid tracks