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Using a fluid-particle dynamics approach, we numerically study the effects ofhydrodynamic interactions on the collective dynamics of active suspensionswithin a simple model for bacterial motility: each microorganism is modeled asa stroke-averaged dumbbell swimmer with prescribed dipolar force pairs. Usingboth simulations and qualitative arguments, we show that, when the separationbetween swimmers is comparable to their size, the swimmers' motions arestrongly affected by activity-induced hydrodynamic forces. To furtherunderstand these effects, we investigate semidilute suspensions of swimmers inthe presence of thermal fluctuations. A direct comparison between simulationswith and without hydrodynamic interactions shows these to enhance the dynamicclustering at a relatively small volume fraction; with our chosen model the keyingredient for this clustering behavior is hydrodynamic trapping of one swimmerby another, induced by the active forces. Furthermore, the density dependenceof the motility (of both the translational and rotational motions) exhibitsdistinctly different behaviors with and without hydrodynamic interactions; weargue that this is linked to the clustering tendency. Our study illustrates thefact that hydrodynamic interactions not only affect kinetic pathways in activesuspensions, but also cause major changes in their steady state properties.

Activity-induced clustering in model dumbbell swimmers: The role of hydrodynamic interactions