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We theoretically investigate the dynamics of two mutually coupled identicalsingle-mode semi-conductor lasers. For small separation and large couplingbetween the lasers, symmetry-broken one-colour states are shown to be stable.In this case the light output of the lasers have significantly differentintensities while at the same time the lasers are locked to a single commonfrequency. For intermediate coupling we observe stable symmetry-brokentwo-colour states, where both lasers lase simultaneously at two opticalfrequencies which are separated by up to 150~GHz. Using a five dimensionalmodel we identify the bifurcation structure which is responsible for theappearance of symmetric and symmetry-broken one-colour and two-colour states.Several of these states give rise to multi-stabilities and therefore allow forthe design of all-optical memory elements on the basis of two coupledsingle-mode lasers. The switching performance of selected designs of opticalmemory elements is studied numerically.

Multi-stabilities and symmetry-broken one-colour and two-colour states in closely coupled single-mode lasers