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We study translational and rotational diffusion of anisotropic goldnanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in the bulk of a nematic liquid crystal fluidhost. Experimental data reveal strong anisotropy of translational diffusionwith respect to the uniform far-field director, which is dependent on shape andsurface functionalization of colloids as well as on their ground-statealignment. For example, elongated NPs aligned parallel to the far-fielddirector translationally diffuse more rapidly along the director whereasdiffusion of NPs oriented normal to the director is faster in the directionperpendicular to it while they are also undergoing elasticity-constrainedrotational diffusion. To understand physical origins of these rich diffusionproperties of anisotropic nanocolloids in uniaxially anisotropic nematic fluidmedia, we compare them to diffusion of prolate and oblate ellipsoidal particlesin isotropic fluids as well as to diffusion of shape-isotropic particles innematic fluids. We also show that surface functionalization of NPs withphotosensitive azobenzene groups allows for in situ control of theirdiffusivity through trans-cis isomerization that changes surface anchoring.

Rotational and translational diffusion of anisotropic gold nanoparticles in liquid crystals controlled by varying surface anchoring