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The granular jamming transition is experimentally investigated in atwo-dimensional system of frictional, bi-dispersed disks subject toquasi-static, uniaxial compression at zero granular temperature. Currentlyaccepted results show the jamming transition occurs at a critical packingfraction $\phi_c$. In contrast, we observe the first compression cycle exhibits{\it fragility} - metastable configuration with simultaneous jammed andun-jammed clusters - over a small interval in packing fraction ($\phi_1 < \phi< \phi_2$). The fragile state separates the two conditions that define $\phi_c$with an exponential rise in pressure starting at $\phi_1$ and an exponentialfall in disk displacements ending at $\phi_2$. The results are explainedthrough a percolation mechanism of stressed contacts where cluster growthexhibits strong spatial correlation with disk displacements. Measurements withseveral disk materials of varying elastic moduli $E$ and friction coefficients$\mu$, show friction directly controls the start of the fragile state, butindirectly controls the exponential slope. Additionally, we experimentallyconfirm recent predictions relating the dependence of $\phi_c$ on $\mu$. Underrepetitive loading (compression), the system exhibits hysteresis in pressure,and the onset $\phi_c$ increases slowly with repetition number. This frictioninduced hysteretic creep is interpreted as the granular pack's evolution from ametastable to an eventual structurally stable configuration. It is shown todepend upon the quasi-static step size $\Delta \phi$ which provides the onlyperturbative mechanism in the experimental protocol, and the frictioncoefficient $\mu$ which acts to stabilize the pack.

Fragility and hysteretic creep in frictional granular jamming