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We present an experimental study of the deformation inside a granularmaterial that is progressively tilted. We investigate the deformation beforethe avalanche with a spatially resolved Diffusive Wave Spectroscopy setup. Atthe beginning of the inclination process, we first observe localized andisolated events in the bulk, with a density which decreases with the depth. Asthe angle of inclination increases, series of micro-failures occur periodicallyin the bulk, and finally a granular avalanche takes place. The micro-failuresare observed only when the tilt angles are larger than a threshold angle muchsmaller than the granular avalanche angle. We have characterized the density ofreorganizations and the localization of micro-failures. We have also exploredthe effect of the nature of the grains, the relative humidity conditions andthe packing fraction of the sample. We discuss those observations in theframework of the plasticity of granular matter. Micro-failures may then beviewed as the result of the accumulation of numerous plastic events.

Experimental Investigation of Plastic Deformations Before Granular Avalanche